Live cell analysers can measure real time changes in a number of cell bioenergetics functions, providing a window into the critical functions driving cell signalling, proliferation, activation, toxicity and biosynthesis. It can be used to identify changes in glycolytic and mitochondrial activity. For example, mitochondrial respiration is determined via oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurements and glycolytic function by assessment of extracellular acidification. These can be applied in a wide range of basic cell and pathological experiments including basic screening, assessing the effects of drugs and inhibitors on energy metabolism, diabetes studies, metabolic disorders, stem cell research and immunometabolism.